• Virus: A computer virus is a type of malware that infects and spreads by attaching itself to files or programs. It can replicate and modify files, corrupt data, or cause system malfunctions.

• Worm: Worms are self-replicating malware that spread without any user intervention. They exploit vulnerabilities in networks or operating systems to propagate and can consume system resources, slow down networks, or deliver other malicious payloads.

• Trojan Horse: Trojans are malware disguised as legitimate software or files. They trick users into executing or installing them, often through social engineering tactics. Trojans can perform various malicious activities, such as data theft, remote control of the infected system, or creating backdoors for other malware.

• Ransomware: Ransomware encrypts files on a victim’s system and demands a ransom payment in exchange for a decryption key. It can spread through malicious email attachments, compromised websites, or vulnerabilities in systems. Ransomware can cause significant data loss and financial harm.

• Spyware: Spyware is designed to gather information from a user’s computer or device without their knowledge. It can track online activities, capture keystrokes, steal sensitive data, or monitor system behavior. Spyware is often distributed through malicious websites, freeware, or bundled with legitimate software.

• Adware: Adware is malware that displays unwanted advertisements or redirects users to advertising websites. It is commonly bundled with free software and can collect user data for targeted advertising. While not always malicious, adware can impact system performance and compromise user privacy.

• Keyloggers: Keyloggers record keystrokes on a computer or device, capturing sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers, or personal data. They can be delivered through email attachments, infected websites, or social engineering techniques.

• Botnets: Botnets are networks of compromised computers or devices controlled by a central command-and-control server. They are used for various malicious activities, including distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, spam email campaigns, or cryptocurrency mining.

• Rootkits: Rootkits are designed to gain unauthorized access and control over a computer or device. They often hide their presence and allow attackers to maintain persistent access, evade detection, and manipulate system functionality.

• Phishing Attacks: While not strictly malware, phishing attacks involve deceptive techniques to trick users into revealing sensitive information such as passwords or financial details. Phishing attacks typically occur through fraudulent emails, websites, or instant messages.

It’s important to note that these are just a few examples, and malware attacks continue to evolve with new variants and techniques. Employing robust cybersecurity practices, such as using reputable antivirus software, keeping systems up to date, being cautious online, and educating users about potential threats, can help mitigate the risk of malware attacks.